Evidence-based Literature Searching Guide
PICO Search
Searching the Evidence |
An evidence-based literature search involves using a systematic and rigorous approach to searching for and selecting relevant research articles and other sources of information. To conduct an evidence-based literature search, follow these steps:
- Identify the research question or topic you want to explore. This will help you focus your search and ensure that you are looking for relevant sources of information.
- Develop search terms and keywords related to your research question or topic. These should be specific and accurate and should include any relevant synonyms or variations of the terms you are searching for.
- Use a database or search engine that is specifically designed for conducting literature searches. Examples of databases commonly used for this purpose include PubMed, Medline, Embase and Trip Pro.
- Use the search terms and keywords you developed to search the database or search engine. Use advanced search options, if available, to further refine your search and narrow down the results to the most relevant sources.
- Evaluate the results of your search. Look for sources that are relevant to your research question or topic and that are of high quality. Consider factors such as the credibility and expertise of the authors, the date of publication, and the relevance and reliability of the source.
- Select the most relevant and high-quality sources and use these to support your research and inform your decision making. Be sure to properly cite any sources you use in your work.
Some documents might require a full, detailed search. For example, if you're developing a brand new policy, or reviewing something in a field that has undergone many changes in the past three years. If that's the case, your best option is to fill out the Literature Search Request form and get the SVHS Walter McGrath Library to do your search for you. Please refer to our Literature Search Service Level Agreement if requesting assistance with a systematic review, meta-analysis, Cochrane Review or some other long term research project.
Literature Search Request |
Remember - If you're not confident with literature searching or don't have the time, the library can help.
Submit Literature Search Request above, or:
Email: svhs.library@svha.org.au | Phone: 8382 2260
In Person at St Vincent's Hospital Walter McGrath Library
Evidence-based Resources |
Resources available for identifying and reviewing the best available evidence to treat a patient or to answer a clinical question: |
Evidence-Based Practice (CIAP) |
JBI Joanna Briggs Institute (CIAP) |
Medline (CIAP) |
Embase (CIAP) |
Trip Pro (with Library Full-text links) |
PubMed (with Library Full-text links) |
UpToDate (CIAP) |
BMJ Best Practice (CIAP) |
Cochrane Library (CIAP) |
Cochrane Clinical Answers (CIAP) |
Cinahl (with Library Full-text links) |
eTG Therapeutic Guidelines (CIAP) |
Australian Standards (SharePoint) |
ACORN Standards (SharePoint) |
MOH Policy Directives and Guidelines (NSW Health policies & guidelines) |
Guidelines (selection by CIAP) |
PICO Search Method |
Sourced from Pharmacy Guide: PICO, Charles Darwin University http://libguides.cdu.edu.au/c.php?g=167917&p=3738712
PICO Search Strategy Example
1. Frame the question: clarify your information need in the form of a question, for example:
Does hand washing among healthcare workers reduce hospital acquired infections?
The question in PICO format:
P (Problem or Patient or Population) | hospital acquired infection |
I (intervention/indicator) | hand washing |
C (comparison) | no hand washing; other solution; masks |
O (outcome of interest) | reduced infection |
2. Plan a search strategy by identifying the major elements of your question, you can translate natural language terms to subject descriptors, MeSH terms, or descriptors.
TIP: start with the P and the I only to begin your search and keep initial search results broad:
Natural language | Term mapped to database vocabulary |
P (Problem/Patient/Population) =hospital acquired infection |
cross infection [MeSH] cross infection [CINAHL] |
I (intervention/indicator) =hand washing |
hand disinfection [MeSH] handwashing [CINAHL] |
3. After reviewing the initial search results you may decide to narrow your search with terms for the Comparison, Outcome, Time factors or Type of study. Or you may view results, abstracts, and full text of articles to view the comparison and outcome elements.
Contact your Librarian for further assistance with using search limiters and filters.
Sourced from Heneghan, C., & Badenoch, D. (2002). Evidence-based medicine toolkit. London: BMJ Books.